Plymouth-headquartered Altilium has been awarded £18.5 million through the UK government’s DRIVE35 Scale-Up Fund to build Britain’s first commercial refinery for recovering critical minerals from end-of-life electric vehicle batteries. Announced on 10 April 2026, the grant will finance construction of ACT3, a first-of-a-kind facility designed to process 24,000 EV battery packs a year and return lithium, nickel, cobalt and graphite to the domestic supply chain.
The award sits inside a broader £138.1 million automotive supply chain innovation package administered by the Advanced Propulsion Centre UK and Innovate UK. For Altilium, it is the largest single cheque written to the company to date and the capstone of a staged build-out that began with an ACT1 laboratory line and the ACT2 hydrometallurgical pilot plant, currently the UK’s only such facility.
From pilot line to commercial refinery
Altilium was founded in 2020 by chief executive Kamran Mahdavi and president and chief operating officer Dr Christian Marston, with the thesis that the UK’s emerging gigafactory cluster would eventually need a domestic source of cathode and anode materials — and that end-of-life EV batteries were the most credible feedstock. The company’s proprietary EcoCathode hydrometallurgical process claims to recover 95% of critical minerals and 99% of graphite, with a carbon footprint around 24% below conventional recycling routes.
ACT3 will take that process out of the pilot phase and into industrial scale. Once commissioned at the end of 2027, the plant is expected to produce roughly 5,200 tonnes of nickel mixed hydroxide precipitate, 8,000 tonnes of lithium sulphate and 5,400 tonnes of battery-grade graphite each year. Construction is scheduled to begin in summer 2026 and will bring around 70 new jobs to the Plymouth site. A larger ACT4 refinery in Teesside remains on the company’s longer-term roadmap.
Why DRIVE35 wrote the cheque
DRIVE35 is the successor vehicle to the Automotive Transformation Fund, designed to underwrite the commercial scale-up of UK technologies in electrification, battery manufacturing and hydrogen mobility. For the Department for Business and Trade, the Altilium award answers two strategic problems at once. It builds domestic refining capacity for battery intermediates the UK currently imports from Asia, and it creates a circular off-take route for the growing volume of batteries reaching end of life as the first wave of UK EVs is retired.
The logic is sharpened by supply security. Lithium, nickel and graphite all appear on the UK’s critical minerals list, and China’s dominance of the midstream refining step has become a recurring concern for European industrial policy. A domestic refinery that derives its feedstock from scrap rather than ore gives the Treasury a rare chance to reduce mineral import dependence without opening a new mine.
A layered capital stack
The DRIVE35 grant sits on top of more than £17 million in private capital Altilium has already attracted from investors including SQM Lithium Ventures, Marubeni Corporation and Mizuho Bank, the latter two joining a Series B round earlier this year. Additional support has come from the Faraday Institution’s Battery Challenge and previous Automotive Transformation Fund awards.
That blend — Japanese trading-house strategic capital, Chilean lithium-major venture money and UK non-dilutive funding — is becoming a familiar pattern for European battery materials startups. Private investors provide patient equity and off-take relationships, while state-backed grants de-risk the capex-heavy jump from pilot to commercial scale. Altilium’s stack is a textbook example of how the model works when it functions as intended.
The bigger picture
Europe’s battery recycling sector is crowded in concept but thin in operating capacity. Several companies have announced ambitions that far exceed what has actually been built, and planned facilities have slipped or been shelved altogether. A commissioned ACT3 would give the UK something most of its neighbours still lack: a commercial-scale refinery producing battery-grade materials from domestic scrap.
Execution risk remains substantial. Commissioning hydrometallurgical plants on schedule is hard, EV battery collection logistics are still immature, and off-take pricing for recycled cathode precursors is exposed to volatile lithium and nickel markets. But with £18.5 million of non-dilutive government money now committed and a Series B cap table that reads like a strategic partnership list, Altilium has the balance sheet to attempt what most of its peers are still pitching.
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